Union victory came at a cost to african american volunteers. about how many of the union's 180,000 african american volunteers lost their lives during the war?

About 70,000 of the union's 180,000 African American volunteers lost their lives during the war.

African-Americans served in the Civil War on both the Union and Confederate side. In the Union army, over 179,000 African American men served in over 160 units, as well as more serving in the Navy and in support positions.  

In the Confederacy, African-Americans were still slaves and 68,178 Union colored soldiers were killed or wounded during the Civil War.

where is the passage?

can't without the passage.

post the full question.

simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13