At its height in the third century ce, axum civilization dominated trade in northeastern africa and accumulated tremendous wealth. how did depletion of natural resources lead to the civilizations decline

The Axum was an important state in northeastern Africa. It included what is now Eritrea, parts of what is now Ethiopia - where its capital Axum was located -, Sudan and Yemen.

Axum's decline began in the 7th century, first due to the commercial instability caused by the disputes between Byzantines and the Persians of the Sassanid Empire and, after 632, by the expansion of the Muslim Arab domains. Although relations with Muslims were initially friendly, from the 7th century onwards the rise of the Umayyad dynasty caused its final decline. The Arabs dominated the Red Sea trade, conquering Adulis and cutting the trade routes of the Axum Empire. Agricultural production fell, probably due to environmental problems and overexploitation of the area surrounding the city, which at the end of the 8th century was reduced to a village.

pennsylvania pennsylvania colony was a proprietary colony founded when william penn was awarded a charter by king charles ii in 1681. he set up the colony as one of religious freedom. the government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. all taxpaying freemen could vote.

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