The bill of rights, which originally only applied to the federal government, has been progressively applied to state governments by the courts in a process known as:

The correct answer is incorporation. The idea behind it was that the states didn't have to abide by the bill of rights while the federal government had to. Incorporation was making the states change their ways to adopt the bill of rights, and before the 14th amendment t was a serious and a tedious process often.

Your answer should be choice b!