Describe three economic factors that were involved in the choices made by brazilians to abandon ethanol powered automobiles. why have many brazilians returned to ethanol powered cars?

During the 1970s, Brazil was importing over 80 percent of the oil it consumed. Large oil imports and high oil prices were damaging Brazil’s economy. In 1975 Brazil implemented the National Alcohol Program. It contained four policies to stimulate ethanol production.

1) It required Petrobras, its major oil company, to purchase a required amount of ethanol.

2) It provided $4.9 billion of low-interest loans to stimulate ethanol production.

3) It provided subsides so that ethanol’s pump price was 41 percent lower than the price of gasoline.

4) It required that all fuels be blended with a minimum of 22 percent ethanol (E22).

Although crude oil prices were low in the 1980s and 90s, Brazil kept its ethanol program alive and moving forward. In 2000, Brazil deregulated the ethanol market and removed its subsidies. The ethanol mandate was maintained. Depending on market conditions, all fuels were required to be blended with 20 to 25 percent ethanol. The current mandate is 25 percent ethanol in gasoline set June 1, 2007.

Brazil aggressively developed cars that operated only on 100 percent ethanol. In 1979 the Fiat 147 was the first modern car to run on pure ethanol. By 1988 almost 90 percent of all new cars manufactured in Brazil were E100 (alcohol only) cars. However, an ethanol shortage in early 1990 caused a major downturn in the demand for E100 cars. In 1990, only 10 percent of the new cars were E100.

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ngai (engai, enkai, mweai, mwiai) is the monolithic supreme god in the spirituality of the kamba and kikuyu of kenya.ngai is creator of the universe and all in it. the kikuyu worshiped ngai facing the mt. kirinyaga (mount kenya) while prayers and goat sacrificial rituals were performed under the sacred mugumo tree (a fig tree species). ngai often was referred to as "mwene nyaga" meaning (the owner of the mountain).

it means that maasai people think that mount kenya is something to be worshipped along with god.when cattle or children cause problems,maasai elders just warn them that children must mend their bad ways or their god might punish them.this serves as law and order tool to maintain peace among maasai tribe.the maasai are an indigenous ethnic group in africa of semi-nomadic people settled in kenya and northern tanzania. due to their distinct traditions, customs and dress and their residence near the many national game parks of east africa, the maasai are among the foremost african ethnic groups and are known internationally because of their links to the national parks and reserves.

traditional maasai people's lifestyle concentrates on their cattle which make up the primary source of food. amongst the maasai and several other african ethnic groups, the measure of a man's wealth is in terms of children and cattle. so the more the better.