In a general election, each state has officials who count and
votes.

The correct answer is:

Certify.

An Election Official is someone designated to control the voting process at a polling station, to guarantee voters follow state requirements, certify an election was carried legally, and provide the official vote count. The election officials have to verify that every ballot cast in the election was accurately counted. The certification process is the practice by which the results of an election are made official.

d: their own individual powers within the new goverment

a. the astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship