What changes to national borders were brought about by the treaty of versailles?
a. austria and hungary merged into a single nation and were given increased territory.
b. france established an empire by taking control of independent italian city-states.
c. former ottoman territories were divided into mandates controlled by the allied powers.
d. russia lost some of its southern territory to europe’s mandates in the middle east.

its c to know one

C. Former Ottoman territories were divided into mandates controlled by the Allied powers.

Explanation:

One of the aims of the Treaty of Versailles was to redraw national borders all through Europe to mirror the beliefs of patriotism and sway of countries, both new and since quite a while ago settled. This guide, made by C.S. Hammond and Company, outlines the proposed changes in red. The German Empire, Ottoman Empire, and Austro-Hungarian Empires were most influenced by these changes. Russia had just surrendered a much area when it pulled out of the war in 1918 with the marking of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

giant bugs

explanation:

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.