Which event led directly to south carolina's secession from the united states? a) the firing upon ft. sumter in charleston b) the cession of north carolina from the union eliminate c) the victory of abraham lincoln in the election of 1860 d) the confederate victory at the first battle of bull run

C) the victory of Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1860

Explanation:

When Abraham Lincoln is elected president in 1860, South Carolina is the first state to secede.  The main concern of the southern states was the issue of slavery, and Lincoln was opposed to it.  There were many other causes that led to the secession, such as the rise of the Abolitionist Movement and the Compromise of 1850, but Lincoln's victory was the immediate cause.  After South Carolina, six other states followed and began forming the Confederacy.  The Civil War officially breaks out with the attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

bismarck believed in using force

is the correct answer!