White people and established african americans in cities:

a. ended racism in the north.
b. often discriminated against freedmen.
c. found high paying jobs.
d. lived together in city neighborhoods.

it provided for selection of government employees through competitive examinations. it also made it unlawful to fire or demote covered employees for political reasons or to require them to give political service or payment, and it set up a civil service commission to enforce the law.

explanation:

a. competition between france and england for land and power