The code of hammurabi and chinese legalism both rely on the idea
1. governments must provide their people with rights
2. harsh laws are needed to control society
3. all subjects are equal under the law
4. religion and government must be brought closer together

The answer to this is B. Harsh laws are needed to control a society. Government didn't start providing rights to all people until closer to the enlightenment era, Hammurabi's code is the oldest surviving system of law that was created and if you violated it you had some serious consequences ranging from a cut off hand, to imprisonment, to death.

Both built large militaries ( militarism) and japan, like germany, invaded neighboring countries (china, philippines) in order to build a new empire.