Which of the following statements best describes china’s closed-door policy prior to the 1800s?
a.
the chinese government made it illegal for citizens to travel abroad, because they wanted to limit interactions with westerners.
b.
interactions between the chinese and westerners were limited, and only one port was open for trade.
c.
all countries had equal access to chinese ports, except for japan, with whom trade was closed.
d.
communism encouraged equal distribution of wealth among the chinese people and discouraged international trade

The correct answer is B. Interactions between the Chinese and Westerners were limited, and only one port was open for trade.

Explanation

China's closed-door policy is the name given to China's international policy before the 19th century, which focused on growing the Chinese economy internally, limiting relations with other nations. From the previous century, Chinese products were widely desired by Europeans, however, they were very difficult to obtain due to the extensive merchant routes Europeans had to travel, the long shipping route to reach the only functioning port for Europeans and the high risk that this meant for them. Furthermore, Chinese merchants were not allowed to exchange their products for products from Europe, they only could exchange their products for money. This relationship remained closed until the beginning of the 19th century when the opium form Europe trade reached China and caused a crisis due to the addiction to this plant. So, the correct answer is B. Interactions between the Chinese and Westerners were limited, and only one port was open for trade.

pan-africanism or pan-africanism is a political, philosophical, cultural and social movement that promotes african twinning, the defense of the rights of african people and the unity of africa under a single sovereign state, for all africans, both africa as of the african diasporas.

"a government in which power is divided between state and national levels". federalism is a system of government in which entities such and state and province, share power with the national government.