People from ancient rome and modern-day u. s. are patriotic. what does this mean?

“the battle of stalingrad is not a turning point necessarily in strategic terms, because a lot more has to be done before the soviets can be certain of defeating germany,” says renowned world war ii historian richard overy. the germans had fought nearly a thousand miles across the soviet union to get to stalingrad.

the answer for 3 is b and the answer for 4 is d