In what way were president abraham lincoln’s and president andrew johnson’s reconstruction plans similar?
a)both reserved seats in the congress for former confederate war leaders.
b)both granted voting rights to the newly freed slaves.
c)both refused to grant amnesty to rich plantation owners from the south.
d) both required southerners to support the thirteenth amendment to abolish slavery.

d. Both required Southerners to support the Thirteenth Amendment to abolish slavery.

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation: