I'm stuck on this question.

word painting, the technique of writing musical lines that support the meaning of the text, is primarily associated with

a) concertos
b) tone rows
c) madrigals
d) jazz

i think it's c but i'm not 100% sure.

C) Madrigals

Explanation:  Madrigal is a musical form of the song, written for several voices created during the Renaissance. Such a song is a secular type of musical expression. This kind of song with joyful tone used for celebrating, because it had ordinary merry topics from everyday life. It was also used for festivals as well as for family amateur gatherings.  Madrigal is without instrumental accompaniment usually for four to six voices, characteristic of the Renaissance and early Baroque era.

he is known for discovering   the fossil of a female hominin australopithecine   known as "lucy" in the afar triangle region of hadar, ethiopia.

hope this !

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the answer is aristophanes comedies.