Beginning in 1660, the were passed by england in an attempt to control all colonial trade. certain items, such as tobacco, sugar, or indigo could only be sold to england, limiting the trade markets available to the colonists.
a. intolerable acts
b. navigation act
c. stamp act
d. townshend act

among the options given on the question the correct answer is option d.

tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”

explanation: the excerpt is from "mother tongue" is an essay by amy tan. the purpose of writing this essay was describe the challenging situation of someone who was raised in a family where the parents could not speak proper english and the influence of the situation.people also could judge the individual for the poor english.

however, amy tan described the english of her mother as broken according to the other people. but every time, she referred as broken she winced. because, she began to understand the world with her mother's english.she could understand her mother's english.

therefore, tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”