The historical event that impacted australia

What do historians call the political,social,or cultural circumstances surrounding an event?

It can be inferred that the dramatic increase in defense spending by germany was the result of. (a) attempts by great britain to take german colonies. ( b) fear of a two-front war against france and russia (c) the need to put down a communist rebellion (d) a competition with the allies to produce atomic weapons

What was the job of the second continental congress