The provision of the fourteenth amendment that prohibits any state from denying “any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” is known as the clause.
a. due process
b. privileges and immunities
c. grandfather
d. equal protection

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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in classical conditioning the organism learns to associate new stimuli with natural, biological responses such as salivation or fear. the organism does not learn something new but rather begins to perform in an existing behavior in the presence of a new signal. operant conditioning, on the other hand, is learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior and can involve the learning of new actions.