What was europe called in the early medieval ages?

Even though both ww1 and ww2 were in many ways the same conflict with basically the same countries facing off against each other, the way each war started was significantly different. the question is how what were the differences on how they started

Based on the map, which statement best describes the neighborhood of washington heights? (2 points) washington heights is a gated community. people of many ethnicities live in washington heights. restrictive covenants prevent most people from living in washington heights. dominicans have gentrified washington heights. washington heights is a dominican enclave.

Which form of government have the african nations had since independence?