By the end of 1877,

a) most white southerners had put their sectional feelings largely behind them and were almost fully part of the union culturally and economically again.
b) there was almost no hope left for “forty acres and a mule” by those who once had it.
c) the national government was weaker than it had been before the civil war.
d) most former slaves had migrated out of the south to sections of the country where there was less prejudice and segregation against them.