According to the supreme court why is burning a cross in protest protected speech, but burning a cross directed at an individual unprotected?

free speech can be limited if it is hate speech
free speech can be limited if the content is unpopular
free speech can be limited if intent to intimidate is proven
free speech can be limited if it violates social norms

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

it allows businesses to raise prices on basic goods. it allows consumers to spend more money on products. it increases government revenue to fund public projects. it provides more money for government assistance programs.

explanation: