Which of the following was a reaction to the expansion of communism into eastern europe?
a. withdrawal from the vietnam war
b. formation of nato as a defensive alliance
c. the new deal

B. Formation of NATO as a defensive alliance

Explanation:

After World War II, as the Cold War began, the Soviet Union had shown that it wanted to expand its area of control in Eastern Europe.  In response, the United States, along with Canada, joined with ten European countries in signing the North Atlantic Treaty in 1949.  This created the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which was a defensive military alliance of democratic states over against the expanding threat of communism felt in the Cold War environment.  The ten original Western European members of NATO were the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Italy, Iceland, and Luxembourg.

Following the formation of NATO, the Communist bloc, led by the Soviet Union, responded.  The Warsaw Pact was created as an alliance of Europe's Communist nations.  The Warsaw Pact was given that name because the agreement was signed in Warsaw, Poland.  Established in 1955, the Warsaw Pact included the Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania.  The nations signing the treaty called on each other to defend of any member of the Pact that was threatened by enemy forces.  

regarding the law, the 15th amendment was specifically designed thinking in the rights of black free men.

even though ratified on february 3, 1870, the promise of the 15th amendment would not be fully applied for a long time.poll taxes and literacy tests would allow southern states disenfranchise african americans. only in 1965 the voting rights for african americans would be actually able to vote in the south.

in 1965, president johnson signed the voting rights act, which aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented african americans from voting as it was guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the u.s. constitution.

there were abundant sources of fuel nearby