(hc)the quote below was written by a prominent figure in 1889:
"while the law [of competition] may be sometimes hard for the individual, it is best for the race, because it insures the survival of the fittest in every department. we accept and welcome, therefore, as conditions to which we must accommodate ourselves, great inequality of environment, the concentration of business, industrial and commercial, in the hands of a few, and the law of competition between these, as being not only beneficial, but essential for the future progress of the race."
which philosophy is represented by this quote?

The mentioned quote was written by Andrew Carnegie, who was a great admirer of Herbert Spencer, one of the developers of the Social Darwinism theory; and this quote reflects that philosophy.

Social Darwinism is a social theory that defends that the theory of natural selection of Charles Darwin has social applications in human communities. It is based on the idea of the survival of the fittest conceived as a mechanism of social evolution and the belief that the Darwinian concept of natural selection can be used for the management of human society, insisting on competition (ethnic, national, class, etc.) by natural resources or various social positions.

Social Darwinism is based on interpretations of Darwin's writings, which were originally put forward by Herbert Spencer, and later used for political purposes, with numerous supporters. Social Darwinism enjoyed great acceptance in academic circles and was a great influence in imperialist countries at the end of the 19th century and in the first half of the 20th century.

the industrial revolution pushed the world into modern industrialization. it changed the course of history profoundly. it caused rapid urbanization and pushed cities and countries into development. the industrial revolution began in great britain with a series with new inventions which led to the creation of machines and mass production.

this caused the country to gain wealth and money and become an international superpower. it improved transportation and manufacturing inside the country, pushed people to live in urban areas and britain to become the most powerful nation in the world for a while.