According to alfred w. crosby, what was one effect of spanish colonization on the island of espanola?

Explanation:

Growing sugar cane became a large business since the Spanish brought slaves from Africa to do the work. Before Africans came the Native Americans were forced to work on sugar plantations on large estates which were run by an owner and were treated bad leading to many deaths.

do you have a list of sources to choose from?

it was the "4. potsdam" conference that demanded the unconditional surrender of japan, since it was clear that the japanese would continue to find until the very last man otherwise.