Italy was the birthplace of the a period of great creativity in europe.
roman catholic church
ancient rome
unification
renaissance

During the seventeenth century a. the english monarchy was temporarily replaced by a new government called the commonwealth. b. the english enjoyed an unprecedented period of economic and political security. c. the english government was seized by the puritans, who instituted a strict oligarchy. d. the english united with spain and holland to battle france for supremacy in the new world.