What was the outcome of the crusades? a. the holy land came under christian control. b. the holy land remained under muslim control. c. the holy land was destroyed and abandoned. d. the holy land was divided by the two sides.

   B. The Holy Land remained under Muslim control.

Explanation:  The Crusades were a political-military campaign organized by the Catholic Church for the liberation of the Holy Land from the Muslims, which they took several centuries earlier before the first Crusade. The first march of the Crusader was 1099 when Jerusalem was returned to the hands of Christian, which lasted for several decades. After that, Muslims again took the Holy City, although it should be noted that there were fighting around other cities in the Holy Land, which were important strategic points as ports or important trade routes. Thus, the parts of the Holy Land and Jerusalem itself changed the owner several times during the centuries of the Crusades, for there were a total of nine Crusades.

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