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during the middle ages, the church was the supreme power in europe. but by 1500, some people challenged that authority with widespread consequences.

1.describe two church practices that reformers wanted to change and why they wanted to change them.

2. explain how the split in christianity into roman catholicism and protestantism came about.

3. describe three ways in which the roman catholic church attempted to reform itself and stop the spread of protestantism

4. explain how the reformation led to political conflict and warfare during the 1500s

in advance.

1. Reformers (especially Martin Luther) wanted to change many practices of 
   the church. They wanted to get rid of the selling of Indulgences. 
    Indulgences were basically like "get out of jail free cards" for people's sins,     but they were certainly not free. People thought that if they paid money to       priests and stuff then they'd be forgiven of there sins. So, people believed       that they would be forgiven if they bought indulgences. Obviously, this was     a terrible thing that was practiced in the church and Martin Luther, along       with his followers, wanted to end it. Another thing that the reformers 
    wanted to change was the practice of Simony, which was the buying or
    selling of ecclesiastical privileges, for example pardons or benefices. The 
    reformers wanted to change these practices in the church because they 
    did not believe that they were pleasing God. The church was corrupted, 
    and the reformers wanted to change that. 

2. In the 12th century, Francis of Assisi, along with others, began questioning    some of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church. In the 1400s,                 Girolamo Savonarola  brought the pagan practices and abuses of power         to everyone's attention. The actual split occurred when Luther nailed his         95 theses to the wall of the church. This is how the split of Christianity 
    into Catholicism and Protestantism came about. 

3. The Counter-Reformation was the Roman Catholic Church's attempt to 
   stop the chaos and the spreading of Protestantism. Three ways they tried
   to put an end to it are: a) Pope Paul holds the Council of Trent, which 
   re-affirmed catholic teachings. b) Ignatius of Loyola creates order of 
    monks dedicated to the pope. c) Pope Paul IV issued an index of banned
    books to prevent "good Catholics" from reading "bad books". These 
   are just a few examples, but you'll want to research some of these 
    on your own. 

4. The reformation led to political conflict and warfare in the 1500's. 
    As a result of the reformation, new ideals, religions, and worldviews 
    were brought to life. People began to question authority and started to 
   think for themselves. Everyone had their own opinions and beliefs, 
    and this caused much conflict. Protestantism, Calvinism, and other 
    relgious beliefs were created through the Reformation. Wars were also
    waged as a result of the reformation. These included the Thirty Year's
    War, The Revolt of the Peasants, and other political/warfare commotions. 
  
    I hope this helped! 

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