Did obama put his hand on the bible when he was sworn in as president

it is the dominance of   the spanish language and roman catholic region in mexico, french being the official language of several african countries, and the existence of a western-style government in south asian countries

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.