European slave trading became a major issue in the colony of
south africa
indonesia
brazil
algeria

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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united kingdom

portugal

france

germany

tea which is where the whole thing about dumping it in the ocean came from