When did recipients of aid have to pay for the war goods?
a.) never
b.)at some point
c.)when war broke out
d.)when the war ended

The correct option is B

The OECE had taken over the distribution of the funds and the ACE was in charge of European imports. US producers were paid in dollars from the Marshall Plan and the imported goods, of course, were not free, but Europeans had to pay for them, either cash or credit, with the local currency. This money was going to a counter value fund, and could be reused for investment projects.

Most of the countries participating in the Plan already knew from the beginning that they would never have to return the money deposited in the countervalue funds to the United States, so they were absorbed into national budgets and "disappeared". On the contrary, all the aid offered to Germany had to be returned; although after the agreements of London on the debts of 1953, the amount to return was reduced to 1 000 million dollars (including the war reparations). The aid given to the Germans until July 1, 1951 amounted to 270 million dollars, of which the Germans returned 16.9 through the Export-Import Bank of the United States. In fact, until 1953, Germany did not know the exact amount of money to be returned to the United States, and insisted that money from the countervalue funds was given only in the form of loans, a system through which, thanks to the interests, money grew instead of being reduced. The United States commissioned a mortgage bank to be in charge of controlling the system, and loans from the European Recovery Program were mostly used to support the activity of small and medium-sized enterprises. In the end, Germany paid the debt in installments, payment that ended in June 1971. However, the money for the payment of the debt came out of the national budgets, and not from the counter value funds, so these today continue existing.

the correct answer is "pioneers carried all of their possessions on long and dangerous trails".

the first wave of pioneers travelled in 1842. they were merely 100 people. the next year that sum climbed to 1000 men, women, and children. these people travelled around 2,000 miles to oregon in the hopes of a better life. although the first part of the trip didn't present many obstacles, as time and miles went by they learnt that threat came from simple things, like becoming ill due to unclean water or bad food.

the weather didn't much, as wagons couldn't protect them from storms. as they travelled through the desert, the intense heat caused wood to shrink. their own lips abscessed and split because of the dry air. the only cure for this was to rub axle grease on their lips.

even crossing rivers was dangerous. sometimes wheels were damaged by unseen rocks on shallow water. mud didn't much either. pioneers were afraid of indian attacks, but there aren't many records of fights between pioneers and native americans. accidents happened because of negligence, exhaustion, guns, and bad weather.

history says that 1 of 10 pioneers who travelled to oregon didn't survive the journey. diseases spread fastly because they didn't have doctors and medical care was ofently improvised. one of the most deadly diseases they came upon was cholera, which became a worldwide pandemia.