Why did the english government begin to directly tax the north american colonies after the french and indian war?

a. england had a large war debt and was overwhelmed by the high cost of administering the colonies.
b. england felt that is was time for the colonists to get used to being directly taxed.
c. the parliament felt that taxing the colonists would the colonial economies.
d. the king wanted to punish the colonists for their not cooperating during the war.