map: "the colonization of africa, late 1800s."

how is this map related to african issues in the mid-to-late-20th century? a) the divisions led to an new beginning of trade to control the new areas. b) the divisions led to an end of the fledgling "pan-african" unity movement. c) the divisions led to ethnic conflicts following the independence of many african countries. d) nationalist movements resulted in strengthening of colonial power throughout the continent.