Which of these was chester a. arthur associated with?

a) civil service reform

b) panic of 1873

c) the end of reconstruction in the south

d) whiskey ring

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".