Which two sentences describe a condition that was common to germany and italy before unification?

they were divided into many states, some of which were ruled by foreign leaders.
they had liberal constitutions that upheld the individual rights of all citizens.
their economies collapsed because of changes brought about by the industrial revolution.
they allied with other foreign powers during wars to promote the goal of unification.
their territories were engaged in bitter struggles because of differences in language, religion, and culture.