Overcrowding is measured by examining a prison's capacity. which of the following types of capacities is not taken into consideration when measuring overcrowding?
a. rated
b. operational
c. administrative
d. design

during which era were large maximum security prisons like alcatraz built throughout the united states?
a. punitive era
b. industrial era
c. reformatory era
d. mass prison era

Question 1: Option c. The administrative capacity of a prison is not taken into consideration when measuring overcrowding.

Question 2: Option a. During the Punitive Era large maximum security prisons like Alcatraz were built throughout the United States.

Explanation:

Prison overcrowding is a common condition in modern and old prisons and is the main reason for poor prison conditions around the world. When examining a prison's capacity, the researched will look into the rated capacity which is refers to the number of inmates that a facility can hold given the number of beds available, staff to inmate ratio and other considerations. It will also look into the operational capacity which is the number of inmates that the prison can hold safely in order to operate as it should, and the design capacity which is the number of inmates the prison was designed to hold. The administrative capacity does not interfere with the prison's overcrowding, and therefore it is not considered to measure this last concept.

The Punitive Era began after the Reformatory Era of prison industries that was used during the Industrial Era. The Punitive Era had the main philosophy of having massive prisons built throughout the country with the sole goal of punishing criminals, and without any educational and treatment programs in mind.

c. businesses/firms & government