Why were merchants and artisans unable to vote for changes in their city state?

Which russian tsar transformed thr royal residence in st. petersburg, the hermitage, into a center of culture, painting, and the performing arts

Lloyd’s of london was one of the first institutions to offer insurance to merchants and joint-trade companies. a major part of the insurance system involved people who agreed to take responsibility for the insured losses in return for a fee. what were these risk-takers known as? a. joint-stock companies b. investors c. underwriters d. merchants e. capitalists

Why did european nations face financial challenges after world war 1?