Which country launched the first satellite into outer space?

yup! you are correct it is b.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

it made them more prductive and efficent but with the change of polcies less and les got into the navy

declare war, appoint military officers, sign treaties, make alliances