How did the crusades contribute to the end of the middle ages? a. by disrupting trade between europe and asia. b. by granting greater power to the church in europe. c. by increasing european contact with peoples from other lands. d. by undermining the authority of european monarchies.

Crusades' contribution to the end of the Middle Ages was by undermining the authority of European monarchies. (d)

Further Explanations:

The era of middle age is marked by the demise of the Western Roman Empire with the merger of Renaissance and Age of Discovery. The demise of the “Western Roman Empire” was the initiation of the demise of the empire after failing to administer its rule in its territories. The territories got alienated into polities after the empire lost its strength and tolerated its successors to exercise authority over the Western Provinces. Being the largest Empires in the world it was the kingdoms to have trade with military support. Its downfall destroyed the flourishing trade coordination of Western Europe.

The decline certain kingdom and attack from foreign invaders gave rise to certain crucial issues. The era saw population declination, the collapse of central authority, mass immigration and counter-urbanization. Although the era saw many demises but technological advancement and agricultural advancement also took place during the era.  

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Answer Details

Grade: High School

Subject: History

Chapter: Western Roman Empire

Keywords: Western Roman Empire, Renaissance, Age of Discovery, territories, successors, Western Provinces, Western Europe, population, declination, mass immigration, counter-urbanization

The correct answer is D. The Crusades contributed to the end of the Middle Ages by undermining the authority of European monarchies.

Changes in society and culture as a consequence of the Crusades reached the fourteenth century. The most important was the reduction of the power of the European kings, as a consequence of great peasant rebellions and also because these kings strove to control an undisciplined nobility. A technical advance that contributed to weakening the european kingdoms was the introduction of firearms, because with it it was possible to destroy the armor and the strengths of the warriors, who until then were invincible.

the assassination of president lincoln was just one part of a larger plot to decapitate the federal government of the u.s. after the civil war. the first reaction to lincoln’s death was disbelief. then it quickly changed to grief. abraham lincoln’s death created an outpouring of grief from citizens in both the north and the south.

explanation:

lincoln was the first u.s. president to be assassinated. president abraham lincoln, america’s civil war leader, was assassinated just five days after confederate general robert e. lee surrendered his army at appomattox court house, ending the four-year war between the states. on the evening of april 14, 1865, lincoln was attending a performance of our american cousin at ford’s theatre in washington, d.c. john wilkes booth – a 26-year old actor, confederate sympathizer, and white supremacist – slipped into the presidential box and shot lincoln in the head. john wilkes booth and his conspirators had initially planned to kidnap lincoln to save the confederate states. but as the confederacy faltered, booth’s thoughts turned to murder. booth may have decided to act on his hatred after lincoln endorsed giving the right to vote to african-american men who had served in the union army.

the founder of the byzantine empire and its first emperor, constantine the great, moved the capital of the roman empire to the city of byzantium in 330 ce, and renamed it constantinople.

the byzantine empire (the eastern roman empire) was distinct from the western roman empire in several ways; most importantly, the byzantines were christians and spoke greek instead of latin.

constantine the great also legalized christianity, which had previously been persecuted in the roman empire. christianity would become a major element of byzantine culture.

constantinople became the largest city in the empire and a major commercial center, while the western roman empire fell in 476 ce.

as emperor, constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and military reforms to strengthen the empire. the government was restructured and civil and military authority separated. a new gold coin, the solidus, was introduced to combat inflation. it would become the standard for byzantine and european currencies for more than a thousand years. as the first roman emperor to claim conversion to christianity, constantine played an influential role in the development of christianity as the religion of the empire. in military matters, the roman army was reorganized to consist of mobile field units and garrison soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions. constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the roman frontiers—the franks, the alamanni, the goths, and the sarmatians, and even resettled territories abandoned by his predecessors during the turmoil of the previous century.