Which army british or american army was aided by loyalists

Why did the south decide to fight a defensive war 1.to protect their plantations 2.to make the north look like the aggressor 3.to take advantage of their knowledge of the land 4.to make maximum use of the limited transport system

What is the main idea of this excerpt? 1.1.3

Me i really need which of these was an accomplishment of the han dynasty? the invention of the seismograph finding a water passage to europe the invention of the ballpoint pen the invention of the abacus