The phrase "promote the general welfare" in the constitution refers to the idea that

1.people are naturally selfish, and a government is necessary to keep order
2.slavery is immoral, and a government is required to end slavery
3.people are naturally kind, and a government is required to form charitable organizations
4.capitalism is immoral, and a government is required to resolve disagreements over boundaries

The first clause of Article I, Section 8, reads, "The Congress shall have Power to lay and collect Taxes, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare States." This clause, called the General Welfare Clause or the Spending Power Clause, does not grant Congress the power to legislate for the general welfare of the country; that is a power reserved to the through the Tenth Amendment. Rather, it merely allows Congress to spend federal money for the general welfare. The principle underlying this distinction -- the limitation of federal power -- eventually inspired important disagreement over the meaning of the clause.

According to James Madison, the clause authorized Congress to spend money, but only to carry out and duties specifically enumerated in the subsequent clauses of Article I, Section 8, and elsewhere Constitution, not to meet the seemingly infinite needs of the general welfare. Alexander Hamilton maintained the clause granted Congress the power to spend without limitation for the general welfare of the nation. The winner of this debate was not declared for 150 years.

In United States v. Butler, 56 S. Ct. 312, 297 U.S. 1, 80 L. Ed. 477 (1936), the U.S. Supreme Court federal agricultural spending program because a specific congressional power over agricultural production appeared nowhere in the Constitution. According to the Court in Butler, the spending program invaded a right reserved to the states by the Tenth Amendment.

the first one

Explanation:

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