Why did europeans explore far away places during the 15th and the 16th century?

 In the 15th century the overland routes were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.

As a result to this, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea route to India. With the help of new kinds of ships that could sail faster and instruments , like the quadrant, they started the Age of Exploration.

I hope this is what you needed.

b) brahmans   is nomadic society

answer is 1935

because gandhi led a march the sea in 1930 and 5 years later he did it again