Charlies 5 and philip 2 who were who believed their power came from god, giving them the divine right to rule as they

the federalist party which advocated strong centralization dominated the united states government till 1800. so 1800 election transformed the power from one party to another party for the first time and was thus a turning point in american history. so jefferson called it "revolution of 1800".

explanation:

a drastic rise in oil prices ended decades of postwar.

b is the answer i am assuming