How did the caliphs who expanded the muslim empire treat those they conquered

What was a common consequence if sir edwin sandys system of indentured servitude

1) this was the intellectual, philosophical, and artistic movement that began in italy in the 14th century.

Which describes a contribution from classical rome to modern western civilization? a. international gathering to celebrate sporting achievement b. written constitution based on natural rights c. large infrastructure projects to benefit the public d. direct election of the ruler by all residents of the empire