To what extent did reactions against European intrusion into China, the Ottoman Empire, and Japan affect proposals to “modernize” their governments and societies?

Aor b but i'm going with b

Just think, why was it effective? -it appeled to critics because it was written well, that made it noticeable to the public including the white population-it was also recognizable to the african americans because it was about their heritage.-it was powerful just keep finding more points and elaborate on them. message me if you need more