How did the muslim caliphates affect early north african civilizations?
a. they pohibited the slave trade in north africa and arabia.
b. they set up an effective trade network linked to india and china. c. they strictly controlled access to african gold mining regions. d. they organized a decentralized system of government.

if you are going to ask a question give options..

the fraction 18/22 is equivalent to 9/11.

in decimal form if needed

this is a proper fraction once the absolute value of the top number or numerator (18) is smaller than the absolute value of the bottom number or denomintor (22).

the fraction 18/22 is equal to 18÷22 and can also be expressed in decimal form as 0.818182.