What did enlightenment thinker Cesare beccaria argue about crime and punishment? (Please help)

Cesare Beccaria, an Italian politician and philosopher, greatly influenced criminal law reform in Western Europe. He argued that the effectiveness of criminal justice depended more on the certainty of punishment than on its severity.

Explanation:

I hope this helps

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.