1. What is a coup and what is coup d'etat a French term meaning?​

blow of state

A coup d'état (/ˌkuːdeɪˈtɑː/ ( listen); French for "blow of state") or coup is the removal and seizure of a government and its powers. Typically, it is an illegal, unconstitutional seizure of power by a political faction, the military, or a dictator.

A Coup d'etat is simply the overthrowing of the government, or rather,  seizing  of its power, usually through military force. Put simply, a revolt if you will. The term Coup d'etat is French for "blow of state."

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

answer; ///i believe that the correct answer is (a) the great depression