"The federal and State governments are in fact but different agents and trustees of the people,
constituted with different powers, and designed for
different purposes. The adversaries of the
Constitution seem to have lost sight of the people
altogether in their reasonings on this subject; and
to have viewed these different establishments, not
only as mutual rivals and enemies, but as
uncontrolled by any common superior in their
efforts to usurp the authorities of each other.
These gentlemen must here be reminded of their
error. They must be told that the ultimate authority,
wherever the derivative may be found, resides in
the people alone, and that it will not depend
merely on the comparative ambition or address of
the different governments, whether either, or
which of them, will be able to enlarge its sphere of
jurisdiction at the expense of the other."
- James Madison, "The Influence of State and
Federal Governments Compared." 1788
What did Madison argue should be the
relationship between the national and state
governments?