although ideas of european superiority over non-europeans had existed for centuries, views such as those expressed in the passage provide evidence of an important change in the late nineteenth cenrury that is best explained by the fact that they

it's not the readmission

the answer is jerusalem

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.