What is an example of a positive external shock?

How did the printing press make it difficult for the catholic church to stop the reformation? o a. priests were too busy printing and distributing bibles to oppose protestantism. o b. it created a growing middle class that was no longer interested in religion. o c. critics of the catholic church were able to quickly replace any hey writings the church destroyed. d. there were few printing presses in italy, where leadership of the catholic church was centered.

What were some effects in world war 1 in europe ? ( and only in europe)

Which piece of information would most a historian create an interpretation of this photograph of works in a factory?