How is negativism reflected in this political cartoon? (How is this cartoon ironic?)

What effect did john hay’s open door policy letters have on the imperial powers of britain, france, germany, russia, and japan? a. it provoked the imperial powers to declare war on the united states. b. it caused the imperial powers to restrict trade in their trade with china. c. it warned the imperial powers that the united states would soon declare war on china. d. it signaled to those powers that the united states would take a larger role in world affairs than before.

Transitioning countries must take into account the costs of capitalism, because they will experience its as the great depression's and they experience its benefits.

Why did china build the great wall of china?