What were the europeans lacking after the roman and byzantine empires fell?

The fall of Rome also paved the way for another major part of Europe's history: feudalism. When Rome fell, Europe fell into a state of constant warfare. ... Naturally this created a decentralized government that was prone to internal conflict. Feudalism also further weakened trade and economic development in Europe.

A powerful central government.

Explanation:

After the fall of the Roman empire, smaller feudal kingdoms developed and regional leaders emerged.

all choices are correct

c. it required that townships set aside land for public schools.